Fabric is made by processing fibers into yarns, which are then woven or knitted into a flat material. The thickness, twist, and arrangement of the yarns directly affect the fabric's thickness, feel, and softness. Different combinations of natural and synthetic fibers also alter the fabric's physical properties, such as elasticity, breathability, and abrasion resistance.
The structure of a fabric includes its weaving or knitting pattern. Woven fabrics use interlacing warp and weft yarns to create plain, twill, or satin weaves; different weaving methods affect the fabric's density, strength, and drape. Knitted fabrics, on the other hand, use warp or weft knitting to create a mesh structure, giving the fabric better elasticity and softness. These structures determine the fabric's comfort and durability during wear and use.
The structure of a fabric also involves finishing and compounding processes. Through dyeing, printing, coating, waterproofing, wrinkle-resistant treatments, or softening processes, fabrics not only achieve decorative effects but also improve functionality, such as UV protection, antistatic properties, or moisture wicking.